Ok the cyl wall sit in a "pool" of coolant that is why it is called a "open deck" because the top of the deck is....well.......open. The top of the deck does not meet the cyl wall at any point, say you take the head off your D series you will see the coolant sitting around the cyl wall. On a closed deck the top of the cyl wall and the block meet together.
^ open deck
^ closed deck
Being the open deck all but supports itself and the pressures from the combustion process it needs to stay as thick as it can to keep it from warping, cracking. The over heating comes from the lack of ability to get rid of the head simply because it moves through the cyl. walls faster being they are thinner. That translates to hotter coolant temps, and a all around hotter running engine. Also the cyl wall has a chance to actually move around a bit putting wear on the headgasket and letting coolant seep into the cyl producing higher temps
Closed deck designs do not have as much of a problem with the movement, warping, or cracking of the walls and can get rid of the heating problems because the cyl walls do not move and are alot more stable. Aside from actually sleeving a block the closed deck design is a good way to go. Honda engines like the H23 use this design.
Anything else?